湍流对部分相干双曲余弦高斯光束的瑞利区间的影响

推导出了部分相干双曲余弦高斯光束在自由空间和湍流大气中传输瑞利区间的解析公式,并研究了湍流对光束瑞利区间的影响.研究表明,部分相干双曲余弦高斯光束的瑞利区间由湍流强度和光束参数等因数共同确定.湍流使得光束的瑞利区间缩短,并且湍流越强瑞利区间越短.在自由空间中,瑞利区间随光束相干参数 α 、光束参数 β 和高斯束宽 w ₀的增大以及波长 λ 的减小而增大.但是, α,β 和 w ₀越小以及 λ 越大,瑞利区间受湍流的影响越小.并且,当 关键词： 瑞利区间 部分相干双曲余弦高斯光束 大气湍流 自由空间     

扩展卡尔曼滤波和不敏卡尔曼滤波在实时雷达回波反演大气波导中的应用

为了改善雷达回波反演大气波导(RFC)方面存在的单时次、单方位角反演的问题,提出利用扩展卡尔曼滤波和不敏卡尔曼滤波的反演算法对大气波导结构的多方位角实时跟踪反演. 在卡尔曼滤波方法中分别给出大气波导结构的参数化方程、观测方程、滤波算法的状态转移方程,最后导出滤波反演算法的迭代求解流程. 在大气波导结构不随时间变化和随时间变化的两种条件下,对扩展卡尔曼滤波和不敏卡尔曼滤波算法进行数值实验. 实验结果表明,不敏卡尔曼滤波更适用于RFC这高度非线性反演问题,它可能今后为大气波导结构多方位角实时跟踪反演的业务化运行提供理论基础与技术保证. 关键词： 大气波导 雷达回波 扩展卡尔曼滤波 不敏卡尔曼滤波     

Effect of Experimental Variables on the Combustion Characteristics of Water-in-Diesel Emulsion Fuels

Water-in-diesel (W/D) emulsion fuels were prepared through an ultrasonic processor by using high energy emulsification method. Accordingly, the physical and chemical properties were analyzed. A decrease in viscosity was found in the emulsion fuel in contrast to the neat diesel which signifies the enhanced fluidity of the fuel. The emulsion fuel was then used to carry combustion tests in an internal combustion engine. A decrease in exhaust temperature was observed when a high surfactant to water ratio was used, which lead to minimal heat loss. As water is emulsified with diesel, effectiveness of combustion is improved rather than neat diesel fuel. It was also explored that the addition of water-in-diesel is influential in terms of reduction in exhaust gas emission such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia from the internal combustion engine. Therefore, this type of emulsion fuel would be a useful contribution in the fuel economy, but also in making it environmentally friendly since diesel fuel is now considered one of the leading fuels causing ecological contamination.     

An overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of antibiotics in environmental waters

The widespread occurrence of antibiotics as contaminants in the aquatic environment has increased attention in the last years. The concern over the release of antibiotics into the environment is related primarily to the potential for the development of antimicrobial resistance among microorganisms. This article presents an overview of analytical methodologies for the determination of quinolone (Qs) and fluoroquinolone (FQs), macrolide (MLs), tetracycline (TCs), sulfonamide (SAs) antibiotics and trimethoprim (TMP) in different environmental waters. The analysis of these antibiotics has usually been carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and to a lesser extent by ultraviolet (UV) or fluorescence detection (FD). A very important step before LC analysis is sample preparation and extraction leading to elimination of interferences and prevention of matrix effect and preconcentration of target analytes.     

Dynamics of a two-species Lotka-Volterra competition system in a polluted environment with pulse toxicant input

In most models of population dynamics in a polluted environment, the emission of toxicant is generally considered to be continuous, but it is often the case that toxicant is emitted in regular pulses. This paper deals with the effects of pulse toxicant input with constant rate on two-species Lotka-Volterra competition system in a polluted environment. The thresholds between persistence and extinction of each population are obtained. Moreover, our results indicate that the release amount of toxicant and the pulse period will affect the fate of each population. Finally, the results are verified through computer simulations.     

随机环境中分枝q-过程

引进了机环境中一致马氏过程,随机分枝q-矩阵和随机环境中分枝q-过程.给了随机环境中分枝q-过程存在性和唯一性的充分条件.最后证明了任意随机分枝转移密度矩阵都是零流入的.     

LYAPOUNOV EXPONENTS AND LAW OF LARGE NUMBERS FOR RANDOM WALK IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENT WITH HOLDING TIMES

In this article, the authors mainly discuss the law of large number under Kalikow＇s condition for multi-dimensional random walks in random environment with holding times. The authors give an expression to the escape speed of random walks in terms of the Lyapounov exponents, which have been precisely used in the context of large deviation.     

University objectives and socioeconomic results: A multicriteria measuring of alignment

Universities develop technology transfer mechanisms as the tools required to undertake missions committed to the socioeconomic environment. In this work a new proposal to measure the extent to which the goals or strategic objectives of a university are aligned with the results obtained through its technology transfer mechanisms with the local community is presented. This will enable to perform a diagnosis, by comparing the situation sought by the University Management team (expected case) with the actual one that derives from the application of the plans that implement the technology transfer mechanisms (real case). To achieve this, two different Multicriteria Decision Analysis techniques e.g. Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) will be used. Both the methodology and the MCDA techniques proposed need to be explained and clarified to the different experts who collaborate in the study, hence the facilitating process, key to the whole procedure, will be analysed in detail.The model proposed in this study is applied to analyse the case of the National University of Colombia – Bogotá Campus. Findings show that the following questions can be answered: (i) How much importance is granted by the University Management to the objectives of the University? (ii) To what extent are the objectives of the university fulfilled by the technology transfer mechanisms to the socioeconomic environment? (iii) Are the objectives of the university aligned with the results achieved through the technology transfer mechanisms?     

基于AHP和DEA联用的城市交通环境可持续发展评价方法研究

将层次分析法(AHP)和数据包络分析(DEA)相结合构建了两种方法的联用评价模式,对使用该方法评价城市交通环境可持续发展水平和后续决策指导方面进行了探讨.该方法对AHP法在多个决策单元定量对比分析和DEA体现决策者偏好方面进行了改善.从影响城市交通环境可持续发展水平的城市综合发展、道路设施水平、交通运输功能和交通环境质量等方面出发,建立了城市交通环境可持续发展评价体系,并应用于深圳市实证分析,通过AHP分析认为深圳市2000～2007年城市交通环境可持续发展水平在波动中缓慢上升,再通过27个城市2005年数据DEA有效性分析和投影分析,得到深圳市在城市交通环境可持续发展方面的总体效率为0.9729,并得到了其要达到DEA有效的调整方案和部分政策建议.